প্রতি একরে লাভ / ক্ষতি ক্যালকুলেটর

The simplest farm-decision formula

Net per acre = Gross Revenue − Total Cost. This is the most-used and most-abused formula in Indian farming. The shape of the answer depends entirely on what you put in for “gross revenue” and “total cost.” A Punjab wheat farmer who omits family labour, land rent and tractor depreciation will tell you wheat pays ₹40,000/acre net. The same farmer including all C2 cost components will see the number drop to ₹15,000-20,000/acre. Both numbers are answers — to different questions. This calculator gives you the basic envelope; pair it with the cost of cultivation calculator for the full C2 picture.

What counts as gross revenue

Primary product: grain, fibre, oilseed, fruit, vegetable, cane. Multiply yield (quintals per acre) by the price you actually received (rupees per quintal). Use MSP if your sale was at MSP procurement, mandi modal price for open sales, contract-farming rate for tied contracts.

By-product: often 10-30% of total revenue and routinely ignored. Punjab wheat bhusa (chaff + crushed straw) at ₹6-10/kg with 25 q/acre wheat yielding 30 q/acre bhusa is ₹18,000-30,000/acre additional revenue — material money. Soybean stover for fodder, cotton sticks for fuel, paddy straw for mushroom cultivation, sugarcane bagasse to the cooperative mill, mustard cake to oil mills — all are legitimate revenue lines. Track them.

Government transfers: PM-KISAN ₹6,000/year (apportion per crop), PMFBY indemnity if a claim was paid, state bonuses (Telangana RBK, MP Bhavantar, UP cane-arrear interest). For a Vidarbha cotton grower with a PMFBY claim, the indemnity payout can be the single largest revenue line in a drought year.

What counts as total cost

Variable cost — paid out during the season: seed, fertiliser, pesticide, irrigation (diesel + electricity), hired labour, custom-hire machinery (tractor, seed-drill, harvester combine), transport. This is the “cash cost” line. Fixed cost — annualised: depreciation on owned machinery, rent on leased land, interest on outstanding loans (KCC, term loan EMI), and the imputed opportunity cost of owned land and family labour. For a quick sanity check, total cost is roughly 60-70% of gross revenue in irrigated grain belts and 80-90% in rainfed commercial crops (cotton, soybean) where input intensity is high relative to yield.

Per-acre profit benchmarks (2024-25, indicative)

• Punjab wheat: ₹25,000-32,000/acre (high yield, MSP procurement, low cost/q).
• Punjab paddy (basmati): ₹40,000-55,000/acre (premium variety, premium price).
• UP sugarcane (Co-0238 plant): ₹75,000-90,000/acre (FRP + UP SAP + early-cane premium).
• MP soybean (with Bhavantar): ₹20,000-28,000/acre.
• Gujarat cotton (Saurashtra irrigated): ₹45,000-55,000/acre.
• Vidarbha cotton (rainfed): ₹15,000-25,000/acre, weather-dependent.
• Karnataka maize (kharif rainfed): ₹12,000-18,000/acre.
• Bihar rabi maize (ethanol-buyer market): ₹38,000-48,000/acre.
• Maharashtra grapes (Nashik): ₹1,80,000-2,50,000/acre (after 3-year payback).
• Karnataka tomato (open): ₹-20,000 to +₹1,20,000/acre — wild variance.

Worked example: 5-acre mixed UP farm

A typical 5-acre Saharanpur (UP) farmer does wheat in rabi and basmati in kharif on 3 acres, sugarcane on 2 acres (full year). Wheat 3 acres × ₹28,000/acre = ₹84,000. Basmati 3 acres × ₹42,000/acre = ₹1,26,000. Sugarcane 2 acres × ₹82,000/acre = ₹1,64,000. PM-KISAN ₹6,000. Total annual net farm income: ₹3,80,000. Less family labour valuation 24 person-months × ₹7,000 = ₹1,68,000 imputed. Net of family labour: ₹2,12,000/year — about ₹17,700/month for a 5-person household. This is roughly the C2 farm-household income on a high-quality irrigated UP plot. The takeaway: even on the best irrigated farm in India, the per-month farm-household income is modest. Below 2 acres, the math breaks down.

What the calculator does and what it doesn’t

Input gross revenue (post-by-product, post-government-transfers) and total cost (paid-out cash); the calculator returns net per acre. It does not (yet) ask for yield, price and cost breakdown — those are in the cost of cultivation calculator and the BCR calculator. It also does not annualise multi-year crops (sugarcane plant + ratoons, perennial mango, banana) — for those use the BCR (with NPV) tool.

Sources

CACP Cost concepts (A2, A2+FL, C2); NABARD Farm Income & Investment Studies; DES MoA&FW Agricultural Statistics at a Glance; Swaminathan Commission Report 2006.